What do the energy, health, transport, and agricultural sectors have in common? It pays to keep a weather eye on them – literally.

It’s clear that better weather and climate forecasting present enormous opportunities. Improving the prediction of hydrological and meteorological (or “hydromet”) hazards – getting accurate, timely predictions into the hands of decision-makers and the public – can save lives and money.

Hydromet hazards – weather, water, and climate extremes – are responsible for 90 percent of total disaster losses worldwide. Between 1970 and 2012, that meant economic losses of $2.4 trillion, and the deaths of 2 million people.

With accurate temperature and weather forecasts,

• communities can prepare for floods, and, in turn, reduce damage and injury to people and animals;
• health officials, working with weather services, can predict when extreme temperatures and precipitation might trigger outbreaks of vector-borne disease, including Zika and malaria, and use the knowledge to drive mitigation efforts;
• farmers might change their crops to become more productive, and predictions of floods and droughts could help them protect their livelihoods;
• countries can have better information to adapt to a changing climate; and
• the energy sector can anticipate peak demand and adjust production accordingly.

For the past decade, the World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) have been working with assorted partners to increase awareness of, and investment in, the hydromet sector. GFDRR’s Hydromet team and the World Bank have partnered with leading national meteorological services across the globe – including agencies from Austria, China, Finland, Japan, Switzerland, Sweden, United Kingdom, and United States – and work closely with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

“There’s been a recognition of the need to improve hydromet service delivery in vulnerable countries – a recognition that modernized hydromet systems can provide benefits and avert the loss of human life,” explains Petteri Taalas, Secretary-General of the WMO. “So, although much more remains to be done, there’s been a significant increase of investment in the sector.”

Far from revolving solely around upgrading technology, the increased investment aims to address the needs of a modern hydromet system by building institutional capacity. The World Bank alone has invested over $400 million in hydromet projects over the last 10 years, and has worked to introduce an integrated approach to hydromet modernization projects.

“Investment in hydromet is not only about making upgrades to forecasting technology,” says Ede Ijjasz-Vasquez, Senior Director for the World Bank Group’s Social, Urban, Rural, and Resilience Global Practice. “Starting from the needs of the users, our approach fosters dialogue between national weather offices and the sectors they serve. The goal is not only to upgrade antiquated infrastructure, but to strengthen capacity and, ultimately, improve service delivery.”

Every one dollar invested has the potential of generating at least three dollars’ worth of benefits in weather and climate services – a win-win.

Crucially, that investment now includes a dramatic increase in funding for the most vulnerable countries in the world. Some of these countries, especially in Africa, have access to an order of magnitude more funding than they did a decade ago – which is crucial given that more than 100 countries worldwide desperately need to modernize their hydromet systems.

Three-quarters of the world’s Least Developed Countries and Small Island Developing States can provide only minimal early warnings or none at all. The Climate Risk Early Warning Systems (CREWS) initiative, created by GFDRR, in partnership with France, the World Bank, WMO, and UNISDR, finances weather stations, radar facilities, and early warning systems in these countries. 

Meanwhile, in Africa, almost half of all on-the-ground weather stations, and three-quarters of upper air stations, do not report data. The World Bank/WMO Africa Regional Hydromet Program is designed to support long-term planning for development – particularly climate-resilient development.

To support long-term planning, the World Bank and GFDRR have helped build countries’ human capacity by facilitating knowledge-sharing across borders. At the annual InterMET Asia Conference, their special delegate program brings in representatives from countries around the world that are working to improve their hydromet services. Their countries face steep challenges: the upgrades require more than $1.5 billion of additional investment, on top of the $300 million needed annually to operate the new systems.

But those investments can produce enormous economic benefits. In Myanmar, for example, a World Bank project supported by GFDRR is helping implement an early-warning system. “Better forecasting and early warning will reduce the losses faced by farmers,” says May Khin Chaw, Myanmar’s Deputy Director of Agro-Meteorology, “and help them to protect their incomes.” As a result, the country’s largest river basin may save more than $8 million a year in losses and create as much as $200 million in economic benefits.

With these types of benefits – coupled with its ability to prevent human and economic loss – hydromet is set to be the perfect storm of investment opportunity.